Maternal Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aim: The association between maternal infection during pregnancy and the risk of cerebral palsy has been previously reported. However, their results were relatively inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to investigate the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and the risk of cerebral palsy in children. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases were searched from inception to October 28, 2019. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 value. In case of substantial heterogeneity (I 2 > 50%), a random effects model was applied, otherwise, a fixed effects model was used. The pooled associations were expressed as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias and quality of studies included in the systematic review were checked using the Egger’s regression test and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), respectively. Results: Thirty-seven studies were included in the systematic review. Among them, 21 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled RR of cerebral palsy risk was 2.50 (95% CI 1.94, 3.21; I 2 = 88.7%, P < .001) among children born to mothers who had any infection during pregnancy. The risk was increased to 2.85 (95% CI 1.96, 4.15; I 2 = 75.9%, P < .001) when the mother was diagnosed with chorioamnionitis. Publication bias tests suggested no evidence of potential publication bias and 76% of the studies included in the meta-analysis were of high quality (NOS ≥ 6). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that maternal infection during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".