Double-walled carbon nanotube film as the active electrode in an electro-optical modulator for the mid-infrared and terahertz regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lack of efficient optical components operating with terahertz (THz) radiation is a limiting step in the ongoing large-scale development of this technology in fields such as telecommunication and imaging. In this work, we propose the use of double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) films as the active electrode in THz modulation devices. Using six bounces in an internal total reflection configuration in a silicon waveguide prism, we achieved high attenuation from a 5 nm thin film, reaching up to −ΔT/T=6% at 50 THz, albeit with a slow speed of modulation on the order of minutes. Moreover, this attenuation −ΔT/T attains a value of 20% at 30 THz using a thicker 20 nm DWCNT film. As a consequence of doping, the modulation of a phonon-related Fano resonance is also observed in the mid-infrared, which could be used as a modulable narrow-band optoelectronic filter. Our study provides a sense of the capabilities unlocked by exploiting the optical and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes in the terahertz and infrared regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".