Evaluation of mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF) immune stimulant as antimicrobial alternative following administration to veal calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High levels of mortality in dairy calves is a significant welfare issue and a major source of economic losses. A preventative measure used to reduce mortality is antimicrobial incorporation into the milk or milk replacers. As a result of the abundant use of antimicrobials, high levels of antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been detected. With antimicrobial resistance becoming of greater concern worldwide, it is imperative to seek alternative treatment options. Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF), Amplimune™ (NovaVive Inc, Canada), is an immunostimulant licensed for treatment of infection caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in young calves. In a recent study, application of MCWF on arrival in conjunction with metaphylactic treatment significantly reduced incidence and severity of respiratory and gastrointestinal clinical signs in veal calves. The main objective of the current study was to determine if MCWF could be used as a stand-alone preventive therapeutic administered on arrival. We hypothesized that, MCWF could be used as an antimicrobial alternative not only reducing mortality but also significantly reducing the incidence and severity of clinical conditions and consequently the number of antimicrobials used in the veal operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".