A Carbodiimide Coupling Approach for PEGylating GelMA and Further Tuning GelMA Composite Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract To date the low mechanical strength and high swelling rate of gelatin‐based products have limited their use toward many tissue engineering targets. Here a new approach to tuning methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) properties involving the carbodiimide coupling of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the GelMA molecule is investigated. PEGylation improves the capacity of the solution to flow and reduces hydrogel swelling, while in composite form with nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles there is no impact on swelling. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that PEGylation likely restores some of the triple helical nature of gelatin to the GelMA and increases steric hindrance. Furthermore, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate inclusion in GelMA‐PEG composites is able to address the loss in dynamic stiffness reported as a result of PEGylation. Altogether PEGylated GelMA shows evidence of reduced interaction with water compared to control GelMA, whether alone or in composite form. By tuning this interaction and reducing the volume of water necessary to solvate GelMA, the potential to use GelMA composites for a variety of tissue engineering applications is greatly improved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".