Self‐perceived problems in daily activities and strategy building in people without and with mild and severe dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background It is well known that people with dementia experience severe problems in their daily lives. Less is known about how self‐perceived problems decline throughout the course of dementia together with their decline in memory, language, and executive functions. Hence, we wanted to assess self‐perceived problems when performing daily activities as well as possible developed strategies that help to prevent mentioned difficulties at different cognitive stages for older people. Method To attain our goal, we analyzed qualitative semi‐structured interviews conducted with 25 people (age (mean: 67.64; SD: 23.625), sex (f: 14 (56%); m: 17 (68%)), cognitive status (healthy: 6; mild demented: 7; severe demented: 12)) based on the Grounded Theory approach from Glaser and Strauss. The interviews further comprised a cognitive and a functioning assessment, including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa), the script generation task, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), that were used as a base for the qualitative questions concerning self‐perceived problems and thereupon developed strategies in daily activities. Result Three main categories where identified, (i) disturbing factors when performing daily activities, (ii) variations in the autonomy level and (iii) self‐established daily life strategies to circumvent mentioned problems. Findings suggest that orderliness, making notes for appointments, and the usage of a shopping list help with daily activities whereas conversations, noise, and stress disturb the performance of daily activities. People who were aware of problems, reported developing strategies, while people who did not have awareness of any problems did not. Only people without and with mild dementia recognize problems and therefore develop strategies. Conclusion This study aimed at understanding how self‐perceived problems change and get affected with increasing cognitive impairment. It turns out that a certain cognitive status is needed to develop strategies and be aware of problems. Further research is needed to establish more useful strategies that help dementia sufferers as well as older people to delay the progress or onset of the disease and make their lives longer, more independent and especially more worth living.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".