Effect of Patellofemoral Geometry and Simulated Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy on Patellar Stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Articular geometry is known to affect joint function and be correlated with pathology; however, its effect on treatment outcomes is not well understood. The influence of trochlear groove depth on lateral patella stability following simulated tibial tubercle osteotomy was investigated. A statistical shape model was used to produce knee models with trochlear groove geometries ranging from shallow to deep. A Monte Carlo approach was used and 750 musculoskeletal models were generated with varying trochlear groove depths and patellar tendon medial and anterior transfer distances. An overground walking trial was simulated for each model using the COMAK routine and a 200N lateral perturbation force was applied to the patella during early stance. The lateral displacement of the patella resulting from this perturbation was used as a measure of patellar stability. In knees with deep trochlear grooves, patella displacement due to the perturbation decreased with increased medial patellar tendon transfer, indicating increasing stability. However, in knees with shallow trochlear grooves, stability was maximized at ~1 mm of medial patellar tendon transfer, but decreased for patellar tendon insertions medial or lateral of this point. Additionally, the medial patellofemoral ligament was more important to maintaining joint stability for larger patellar tendon transfer distances in knees with shallow trochlear grooves. These results emphasize the importance of considering joint geometry in surgical planning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".