Microinfarcts in the deep gray matter on 7 Tesla MRI: Risk factors, MRI correlates and relation to cognitive functioning — the SMART‐MR study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Histopathological studies suggest that microinfarcts in the deep gray matter are associated with ante‐mortem cognitive impairment, however in vivo data on subcortical microinfarcts are lacking. We examined the association of microinfarcts in the deep gray matter on 7T MRI with vascular risk factors, MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive functioning in patients with a history of arterial disease. Method Within the SMART‐MR study, 213 patients (68 ± 8 years) had risk factor assessment, a 7T and 1.5T brain MRI, and cognitive examination. Microinfarcts in the deep gray matter on 7T MRI were defined as lesions ≤4 mm. Regression models were used to examine the age‐adjusted associations between risk factors, MRI markers and presence of microinfarcts in the deep gray matter. Cognitive function was summarized as composite and domain‐specific z‐scores. Result A total of 47 microinfarcts were found in 28 patients (13%). Older age, history of stroke, hypertension and intima‐media thickness were significantly associated with microinfarcts. On 1.5T MRI, cerebellar infarcts (RR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.42 ‐ 5.33), lacunes in the white (RR = 3.28, 95% CI: 3.28 ‐ 6.04) and deep gray matter (RR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.75 ‐ 5.35) were associated with microinfarcts, and on 7T MRI cortical microinfarcts (RR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.32 ‐ 4.13). Microinfarcts were also associated with poorer global cognitive functioning (mean difference in global z‐score between patients with multiple microinfarcts vs. none = ‐0.97, 95% CI: ‐1.66 to ‐0.28, p = 0.006) and across all cognitive domains, independent of age, education level and number of infarcts ≥5 mm in the deep gray matter. Conclusion Microinfarcts in the deep gray matter on 7T MRI were associated with MRI markers of small and large vessel disease and worse cognitive functioning. These findings suggest that microinfarcts in the deep gray matter represent a novel imaging marker of vascular brain injury.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".