Spanish translation and cultural adaptation of the memory support system: A pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) affects 1 in 9 Hispanics aged ≥45 in the U.S., including 1 in 3 who report that SCD interferes with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and 1 in 2 who give up IADLs or need help performing household tasks. A curriculum and calendar/note‐taking system [Memory Support System (MSS)] has proven effective to sustain independence in IADLs in patients with mild cognitive impairment, and protect mood among program partners compared to controls. Until recently, the MSS had only been utilized among English‐speaking, predominately Caucasian, samples. Method This study investigated the use of a translated and culturally‐adapted MSS in 20 Spanish‐speaking participants with SCD [80% female, age M = 66.8 (SD = 10.3), education M = 14.8 (SD = 3.6)] and their program partners. A within‐subject multiple baseline design in a 10‐session, 2 to 6‐week MSS training schedule was utilized. Outcome measures included treatment adherence and self‐ and informant‐report questionnaires of IADLs, anxiety, depression, self‐efficacy, caregiver burden, and quality of life. Result MSS training significantly improved adherence to the MSS calendar by treatment completion (d = ‐3.75). Participants with SCD also showed significant improvement in overall functional status (d = 0.72), and in daily activities requiring organizational skills (d = 0.66). Symptoms of depression (d = 0.99) and anxiety (d = 0.84) also improved by treatment end, and program partners reported significant improvement in their own anxiety (d = 0.84). There was a significant association between MSS adherence and anxiety in participants with SCD (r = ‐.51). Conclusion Overall, preliminary findings suggest that with appropriate training, Spanish‐speaking participants with SCD can and will use a memory notebook system to help compensate in daily life for their SCD and decrease emotional distress. Future research should investigate the Spanish MSS efficacy over time in a randomized controlled trial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".