Phenotype differences between corticobasal syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy with and without Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are usually caused by a tauopathy. Comorbid Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology can be seen in PSP and is causative in a number of CBS cases. The contribution of different pathologies to the phenotypes is poorly characterized. Our aim was to compare PSP/CBS without AD biomarker (CBS/PSP‐non‐AD) to CBS/PSP with AD biomarkers (CBS/PSP‐AD). Method Twenty‐four patients [11 males, 13 females; age (68.46±7.23)] with a diagnosis of PSP or CBS underwent MRI and PET imaging with tau specific [18F]‐AV1451 tracer as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. PSP rating scale (PSPRS) and unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor exam were used to assess for motor disturbances. Cognitive testing was completed. Patients were divided into AD and non‐AD based on CSF or PET Tau imaging. Seventeen patients were negative for AD biomarkers (6 CBS, 11 PSP)] while7 tested positive [diagnoses (6 CBS‐AD, 1 PSP‐AD)]. Result The CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group [age (70.18±6.65)] was significantly older (p=0.028) than the CBS/PSP‐AD group [age (64.29±7.32)]. There were no differences between the groups in terms of gender, education, or disease duration. The CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group compared to the CBS/PSP‐AD group had significantly lower PET [18F]‐AV1451 SUVR values in AD‐specific brain regions of hippocampus [1.20±0.28 vs. 1.80±0.39; p=0.002] and inferior parietal area [1.49±0.56 vs. 3.26±1.53; p=0.001]. The CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group compared to the CBS/PSP‐AD group scored significantly higher on PSPRS [40.76±18.61 vs. 18.29±6.65; respectively, p=0.004] and UPDRS motor exam [36.06±21.49 vs. 15.71±8.34; respectively, p=0.045]. Finally, CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group compared to the CBS/PSP‐AD group scored significantly higher scores on digit span forward [5.76±1.52 vs. 3.86±1.77; p=0.025]. Two participants refused to complete the sentence repetition task but CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group (N=15) scored significantly higher on sentence repetition compared to the CBS/PSP‐AD group (N=7) [4.13±1.46 vs. 2.43±1.90; p=0.031]. Conclusion The CBS/PSP‐non‐AD group had higher motor signs but had better working memory and sentence repetition than the CBS/PSP‐AD group despite being older. These results show that the presence of AD biomarkers has an effect on CBS and PSP phenotypes. This has implications for monitoring progression and response to treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".