Comparative Analysis of International Experience with Social and Innovative Projects Implementation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid growth of social problems in society caused by the irrational use of resources, inefficiency of existing institutions, and transformation of value orientations has led to the search for new solutions in this area based on the analysis of international experience. The purpose of this study is to compare and identify the features of the formation of social innovation in international practice, particularly, in Canada, China, Spain and Italy. The article analyzes social innovation projects in the countries under review. The following criteria have been used for comparison: a customer, an innovator, his/her goal, the form of project implementation, and the source of funding. The methodological base of the research includes methods of systematization and comparative analysis. The scientific articles published in Web of Science, Scopus, E-library, international reports and statistics are base of research. Based on the analysis, the authors formulate the features of the formation of social and innovative activities in international practice and show the possibility of applying this experience in the Russian economy. The theoretical significance of the results obtained consists in the development of the theory of social innovations. Its practical significance lies in the possibility of using this experience for the development of social and innovative projects in the Russian economy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".