The Free Cued Selective Reminding Test detects episodic memory impairment in the presymptomatic period of familial frontotemporal dementia within the GENFI cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Episodic memory is increasingly reported in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and it has been suggested to differ between genetic forms of FTD. However, systematic investigations of episodic memory in familial FTD, and specifically the presymptomatic stage, are scarce. This cross‐sectional study investigates performance on the Free Cued and Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) in the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI), a large familial FTD cohort. Method 685 participants were tested with the FCSRT (52 presymptomatic and 21 symptomatic MAPT, 135 presymptomatic and 42 symptomatic GRN, 109 presymptomatic and 63 symptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers and 263 non‐carriers). The presymptomatic mutation carriers were split into an early and late presymptomatic period (more than or within ten years of expected symptom onset). Groups were compared using linear regression models, adjusted for age and education, with bootstrapping. Result Performance on all FCSRT test scores had a negative correlation with age (0.18 > r < 0.38) and immediate free recall (r = 0.21), immediate total recall (r = 0.14) and delayed free recall (r = 0.24) had a positive correlation with education. All symptomatic mutation carrier groups scored significantly lower than controls on immediate free recall (MAPT: −2.54 ± 1.52; GRN: −3.15 ± 2.13; C9orf72: −2.67 ± 1.32), immediate total recall (MAPT: −4.83 ± 4.42; GRN: −6.65 ± 5.69; C9orf72: −3.63 ± 3.99), delayed free recall (MAPT: −2.66 ± 1.98; GRN: −3.08 ± 2.17; C9orf72: −2.64 ± 1.41) and delayed total recall (MAPT: −4.32 ± 4.49; GRN: −6.48 ± 6.63; C9orf72: −4.32 ± 4.49). In the presymptomatic group, C9orf72 participants performed significantly lower on immediate (late: −0.75 ± 0.93) and delayed free recall (early: −0.11 ± 1.12; late: −0.57 ± 1.14) measures. Conclusion Episodic memory is impaired in genetic FTD, with decline already starting in the presymptomatic period in C9orf72 mutation carriers. The differences between mutation carriers groups in free versus cued recall formats corroborates the notion that the clinical presentation of episodic memory deficits (i.e. as a result of executive impairment versus “true” consolidation problems) in FTD depend on the underlying mutation, and thus atrophy pattern. Our next step is to replicate results in a larger dataset and correlate performance on the FCSRT to grey matter density in each genetic group using voxel‐based morphometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".