H. pylori infection is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a well known bacteria for development of stomach cancer and chronic inflammation. However, H.pylori’s contribution to the neurodegeneration remains largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between H.pylori infection and brain cortical thickness in cognitively normal individuals. Method We recruited 1,926 cognitively normal individuals (age≥ 45 years) who underwent brain 3‐dimensional volume MR images and esophagogastroduodenoscopy biopsy to determine H. pylori infection. The participants were recruited from Health Promotion Center in Samsung Medical Center from September 2008 to December 2014. After excluding participants with missing variables, 1,594 were selected in final analysis. We measured cortical thickness using the standard Montreal Neurological Institute image processing tool CIVET. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to evaluate the relationship between H.pylori infection and brain cortical thickness after controlling for age, intracranial volume, education, CRP, and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Result In male, H. pylori infection was associated with cortical thinning in the bilateral lateral temporal, lateral frontal, and right occipital areas. However, in female, H. pylori infection was not associated with cortical thickness. Conclusion Our findings suggest that H.pylori infection is associated with neurodegenerative changes in cognitive normal male, regardless of chronic inflammation or metabolic syndrome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".