Genome-Wide Exploration of Thaumatin-like Protein (TLP) Gene Family in Cereals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: TLP genes are the members of a conserved pathogenesis-related protein 5 (PR-5) gene family. They play role in abiotic stress response, hormone signaling, cell death, cold tolerance, enzyme inactivation, fruit maturation and seed germination. In this study, we characterized the TLP gene family in barley with specific emphasis on germination and malting. Results: We identified 19 TLP genes from the reference genome of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex and 37, 28 and 35 TLP genes from the Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon and Sorghum bicolor genome respectively. Comparative phylogenetic analysis and thaumatin domain organization of TLPs using the conserved region classified the TLP family into nine groups. Data revealed that localized gene duplications contributed to the expansion of the TLP gene family in cereals with diverse exon/intron structures. In the barley genome, most HvTLPs were localized on chromosome 5H. The differential spatiotemporal expression pattern of HvTLP genes in barley indicate that TLPs have been expressed predominantly in the embryo, developing grains, root and shoot tissues. Additionally, transcript abundance of HvTLP genes was measured between 16 hrs. to 96 hrs. of grain germination. Differential expression of HvTLP14, HvTLP17 and HvTLP18 in the malting variety (Morex), as compared to the feed variety (Steptoe) at different stages of seed germination indicates their possible role in malting. Conclusion: Barley genome contains higher number (19) of TLP genes as previously thought (8). This study provides a description of the TLP gene family in barley and their differential expression between 16-96 hrs. of germination. The results indicate their possible involvement in the malting process. Keywords: Cereals, Barley, Thaumatin like-proteins, Phylogenetics, Expression analysis
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".