Venular amyloid and its relationship with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in TGF344AD rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ) aggregates and deposits in the form of amyloid plaques within the brain parenchyma. Overproduction of Aβ is less common in sporadic AD cases, suggesting that impairment in Aβ clearance contributes to disease pathology. In AD, failure of the perivascular drainage pathway leads to Aβ deposition in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The association between amyloid deposits with arterioles and capillaries is known, however, amyloid deposits present in venules is still controversial. Method A TgF344‐AD rat model overexpressing the human APPswe and PS1ΔE9 mutations was used as it recapitulates the typical hallmarks of AD in humans, including Aβ plaque formation, CAA, tau pathology, frank neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits. At 7, 10, 13, and 16 months of age, brain sections were examined by immunofluorescence staining and image analyses for amyloid deposits around all blood vessels using Thioflavin S staining. Further identification of deposits with Aβ specific antibodies, 4G8 (17‐28), MOAB2 (1‐4), and anti‐Aβ1‐40/42, were used to confirm Thioflavin results. Amyloid aggregates were isolated from parenchymal plaques, CAA, and venular amyloid using a laser capture microdissection (LCM) microscope and sent for mass‐spectrometry (MS) to identify the presence of Aβ. Result Results suggest as an increase in CAA is detected, venular amyloid starts to accumulate, with disease progression. Confirmation with antibodies that span the Aβ sequence, 4G8, MOAB2, anti‐Aβ1‐40/42, identify amyloid deposits in both venules and arterioles. Furthermore, LCM‐MS technique identified presence of Aβ in cortical plaques and CAA samples. Conclusion Correlation with venular amyloid deposition and CAA suggests an important interplay between these vascular pathologies with AD progression. Understanding venular amyloid and its relationship with CAA can play a role in studying mechanisms involved in neurovascular dysfunction of AD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".