Plasma Treatment of Composite Piezoelectric Thin Films for Good Adhesion of Printed Conductive Ink
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lead zirconate titanate and polydimethylsiloxane (PZT–PDMS) thin films are an attractive choice for a flexible piezoelectric substrate. In this work, the surface modification of the PZT–PDMS composite with plasma treatment is developed to fabricate flexible conductor patterns or devices directly on the composite surface. Optimized plasma treatment conditions are achieved by varying plasma parameters such as the pressure of treatment, type of gas, gas flow, and time of treatment. Plasma polymerization is carried out using C 2 H 4 –CO 2, and argon (Ar) is used for the surface ablation effect in low-pressure conditions. Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) is performed in a N 2 atmosphere which has a surface etching effect. All the treatments create a hydrophilic layer, which is confirmed with water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Silver conductive ink was printed on the plasma-treated films to fabricate flexible conductive patterns, and the bonding strength was tested by performing adhesive tests such as tape, ultrasonic, and soak tests. APP treatment under a N 2 environment with a 300 V input voltage, 21.5 kHz frequency, and 2 min deposition time proves to be the most efficient surface modification technique. This treatment produces a silica-like layer on the composite surface and results in better wettability. It reduces the contact angle from 108 to 20° immediately after the treatment and shows strong adhesion during several rigorous adhesion tests. The printed conductive patterns on the N 2 -treated film show strong mechanical stability and exhibit great electric conductivity under bending and releasing. The APP treatment under N 2 environment can overcome the adhesion issue of the printed conductive layer on the hydrophobic composite surfaces. Moreover, all the above plasma treatments have a negligible effect on the piezoelectric properties of PZT–PDMS films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".