Evaluation of Condylar Positional, Structural, and Volumetric Status in Class III Orthognathic Surgery Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The need to evaluate the condylar remodeling after orthognathic surgery, using three-dimensional (3D) images and volume rendering techniques in skeletal Class III patients has been emphasized. The study examined condylar positional, structural, and volumetric changes after bimaxillary or single-jaw maxillary orthognathic surgeries in skeletal Class III patients using the cone-beam computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Presurgical, postsurgical, and one-year post-surgical full field of view (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 44 patients with skeletal Class III deformities were obtained. Group 1 underwent a bimaxillary surgery (28 patients: 24 females and 4 males), with mean age at the time of surgery being 23.8 ± 6.0 years, and Group 2 underwent maxillary single-jaw surgery (16 patients: 8 females and 8 males), with mean age at the time of surgery being 23.7 ± 5.1 years. After the orthognathic surgery, the CBCT images of 88 condyles were evaluated to assess their displacement and radiological signs of bone degeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) condylar models were constructed and superimposed pre- and postoperatively to compare changes in condylar volume. RESULTS: Condylar position was found to be immediately altered after surgery in the maxillary single-jaw surgery group, but at the one-year follow-up, the condyles returned to their pre-surgical position. There was no significant difference in condylar position when comparing between pre-surgery and one-year follow-up in any of the study groups. Condylar rotations in the axial and coronal planes were significant in the bimaxillary surgery group. No radiological signs of condylar bone degeneration were detected one year after the surgery. Changes in condylar volume after surgery were found to be insignificant in both study groups. CONCLUSIONS: At one year after orthognathic surgery, there were no significant changes in positional, structural, or volumetric statuses of condyles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".