Bibliographic record
Abstract
Across Canada, health care institutions that operate under the umbrella of religious traditions refuse to offer medical assistance in dying (MAiD) on the grounds that it violates their Charter-protected rights to freedom of religion and conscience. This article analyses the Supreme Court jurisprudence on section 2(a) and concludes that it should not extend to the protection of institutional rights. While the Court has not definitively pronounced a view on this matter, its jurisprudence suggests that any institutional right to freedom of religion would not extend to decisions on publicly-funded and legal health care. MAiD is a constitutionally-protected option for individuals and both courts and governments should prioritize an individual’s right to access health care over any institutional considerations. Health care regulatory bodies already offer individual health care practitioners the compromise of making an effective referral to a non-objecting colleague in matters that implicate conscientious or religious objections. Institutions may be filled with people, but they are built of bricks and mortar. The institutions themselves should not take a moral stance on this complex social issue. They most certainly should not take an oppositional position to the Charter-protected rights of patients. The author concludes that provincial governments across this country must appreciate their duty to be neutral on matters of conscience and religion and take strong leadership roles in making clear to publicly-funded institutions that they must not deny medical services solely on religious or conscientious grounds.\nDans tout le Canada, des établissements de soins de santé qui fonctionnent sous l’égide de traditions religieuses refusent d’offrir l’assistance médicale à mourir au motif que cela viole leur droit à la liberté de religion et de conscience protégé par la Charte. Dans le présent article, nous analysons la jurisprudence de la Cour suprême relative à l’alinéa 2a) et concluons qu’elle ne devrait pas s’étendre à la protection des droits des établissements. Bien que la Cour ne se soit pas définitivement prononcée sur cette question, sa jurisprudence indique que le droit à la liberté de religion d’un établissement ne saurait s’étendre aux décisions relatives aux soins de santé légaux et financés par l’État. L’assistance médicale à mourir est une option protégée par la Constitution et les tribunaux comme les gouvernements devraient donner la priorité au droit d’une personne d’y accéder. Les organismes de réglementation des soins de santé offrent déjà aux praticiens le compromis de référer un patient à un collègue non objecteur dans les cas d’objections de conscience ou religieuses. Les établissements peuvent être remplis de personnes, mais ils sont construits de briques et de mortier. Les établissements eux-mêmes ne devraient pas adopter une position morale sur cette question sociale complexe. Ils ne devraient certainement pas s’opposer au respect des droits des patients protégés par la Charte. L’auteur conclut que les gouvernements provinciaux de tout le pays doivent tenir compte de leur devoir de neutralité sur les questions de conscience et de religion et assumer un rôle de leadership fort en indiquant clairement aux établissements financés par l’État qu’ils ne doivent pas refuser des services médicaux uniquement pour des raisons religieuses ou de conscience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.078 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".