Feasibility Study of Grid-Connected PV System for Peak Demand Reduction of a Residential Building in Tehran, Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of fossil fuels for energy demand is overgrowing, leading to a higher CO2 emission. Besides, these resources have fluctuating prices and have higher operating costs. Thus, the integration of renewable energy (RE) sources has been increasing throughout the years to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel generation. However, RE generations have high initial costs and intermittent resources. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct technical and economic analysis before the installation of any hybrid energy systems. This study proposes the installation of a PV system for a residential building in Tehran, Iran. The goal of the system is to have a PV system for peak demand reduction. Moreover, the input data also includes economic parameters such as costs of PV, battery, and grid purchases alongside interest rates. Sensitivity analysis also conducted in this study to investigate the variation of load profiles on the optimal system configuration. The simulation results show a 422-kW grid-connected PV system with battery storage is the most optimal system for the selected location. The system has a lower Net Present Cost (NPC) and initial capital compared to other configurations. Moreover, the system also has a higher RE generation and lower energy import from the grid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".