Genetic variation underlies the plastic response to shade of snapdragon plants (<i>Antirrhinum majus</i>L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A classic example of phenotypic plasticity in plants is the set of traits that change in response to shade. There is widespread evidence that plants in low light conditions often avoid shade by growing taller or by increasing their photosynthetic efficiency, i.e. the shade avoidance syndrome. Whether this plasticity might evolve in response to natural selection depends upon the presence of its standing genetic variation in wild populations. There is limited evidence for heritable standing variation in the plastic response of plants to shade. In this study, we used an experimental common garden approach to investigate this plastic response in snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus L.) originating from four natural populations from the Mediterranean region. Our results showed that individual plants reacted strongly to the presence of shade by growing longer shoots, longer internodes, and increasing their specific leaf area in these four populations. Our results also revealed genetic variation for the plastic response within these populations, as well as little genetic constraints to its evolution. Our findings imply that natural populations of A. majus harbour standing genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity in response to shade, providing them the potential to evolve in response to selection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".