1D mechanical earth modeling in the Permian Lucaogou Shale of the Santanghu Basin, Northwest China, from a complete set of laboratory data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding various properties of unconventional shale plays is important for successful field operations and development. We have comprehensively examined a total of 11 core plugs from the productive unit of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu Basin with various experimental tools. Mineral assemblages were detected, and we found that samples are in the oil window with a combination of type I and II kerogens. After static and dynamic geomechanical analysis, we established a correlation between ultrasonic and static geomechanical parameters. The results indicated that the samples have a brittle behavior with hydrostatic compressive strength ranging from 177.68 to 419.63 MPa, and static Young’s modulus from 9.93 to 53.24 GPa. In the next step, using the measured data we calibrated the only existing well log from where the samples were retrieved and we built an 1D mechanical earth model throughout the entire target formation. Ultimately, by using partial least-squares regression analysis, we determined that feldspar and calcite are the main stiff minerals that would affect the mechanical properties positively, whereas clay minerals and organic matter could have a negative impact on the rock mechanical parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".