<p>The Effect of Oral L-cysteine on Breast Milk and Plasma Cysteine Concentrations</p>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Greater oxidative signaling is implicated in major depressive disorder; hence, there is considerable interest in developing oral supplements with anti-oxidant properties to prevent or treat mood disorders, such as postpartum depression. L-cysteine is a precursor for glutathione, an important antioxidant in the brain. So, developing L-cysteine as a dietary supplement may be useful, provided oral supplementation substantially raises its concentration in blood plasma yet does not affect its total concentration in breast milk. This study assessed the effect of oral L-cysteine on its concentration in breast milk and blood plasma of breastfeeding mothers. Participants and Methods: Twenty-four health breastfeeding women were randomly assigned to 0, 1.5, or 3 g of oral L-cysteine. Free and total cysteine in breast milk; and free cysteine in plasma were measured. While breast milk is the gold standard, measurement of infant formulas provides indices of nutritional intake considered safe. Therefore, free cysteine was also measured in six different formulas. Results: Total cysteine in breast milk was not affected by oral L-cysteine (Repeated Measures of ANOVA (rANOVA), intervention effect: p =0.75). Free cysteine levels in breast milk did rise (rANOVA, intervention effect: p =0.017), but were within the range of common infant formulas. There was no significant effect of L-cysteine supplementation on free cysteine levels in plasma (rANOVA, intervention effect: p =0.25), although a post hoc analysis found a trend towards greater plasma cysteine 30 minutes after oral supplementation ( t (14)=− 1.69, p =0.11, 3g versus no-dose). Conclusion: The negligible effect of oral cysteine administration on its total concentration in breast milk was favorable, but the minimal effect on its blood plasma concentration more strongly argues against further development of oral L-cysteine in postpartum, as well as other conditions. Keywords: cysteine, breast milk, postpartum depression, antioxidant
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".