Development and applications of schlieren system for measuring characteristics of supersonic molecular beam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) is an effective fueling method for the magnetic fusion plasmas. The fueling method was first proposed in the HL-1 tokamak, and now has been applied to several tokamaks and stellarators. Pulsed molecular beam passes from a Laval type nozzle and has a high instantaneous intensity, high directionality and deep deposition in the plasma. The fueling efficiency is higher than the gas puffing efficiency. In addition, it is widely used for controlling plasma density and investigating plasma physics. To further improve the fueling capability in future fusion devices, it is highly desirable to optimize the characteristic of the SMB and further investigate the interactions between the molecular beam and the plasma. In this paper, a schlieren diagnostic system is developed to measure the parameters of molecular beam, and the testing application is performed. The schlieren system, which is based on the schlieren photography, is designed with the zigzag optical path and equipped on the SMBI testing platform to measure the characteristics of the supersonic molecular beam. In order to verify the effectiveness of the system, a series of tests is carried out with different nozzle shapes under atmospheric and vacuum conditions. The beam profiles of CO<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> under different background pressures are obtained. The testing results indicate that the directionality of the integrated Laval nozzle is much better than that of the pinhole nozzle. The schlieren system provides a testing tool for optimizing the supersonic molecular beam.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".