Electrochemical Investigation of (De-)Lithiation Behaviors of Al Anodes and the Solubility Range of β-Lial Phase at Room Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alloy anodes have been extensively studied over past decades to replace the graphite of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Most efforts are made towards those anode materials with high specific capacities such as silicon and germanium. To minimize the negative impacts of the volume expansions during Li incorporation, protective coatings or specific micro- and nanostructures have been suggested, but a commercialization on a larger scale was impeded by such preparation costly procedures. Therefore, the optimal alloy anode candidate should balance the cost, capacity and manufacturing complexity rather than solely maximize the specific capacity. Aluminum, an underappreciated anode material, possesses intrinsic properties that fulfill the criteria mentioned above. The origin of the main capacity of aluminum anode is upon the formation of the β phase (LiAl; ca. 1Ah/g). However, the (de-)alloying processes of Al remain poorly understood, especially at room temperature under which LIBs usually operate. In this study, we investigate the (de-)lithiation that occurs within the solubility range of the β phase Although this Li solubility is highlighted by multiple versions of the Li-Al phase diagrams, the solubility range at low temperatures was not specified yet due to the experimental conditions of previous phase diagram studies (> 400 °C). Various electrochemical analytic tools and methods are used to shed light on the Li solubility within the β phase. The Li solubility range of the β phase is determined to be roughly 5 at% by a potentiostatic charge counting experiment at room temperature. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry of partially lithiated Al foils shows that the β phase can be (de-)saturated without propagating the phase front towards the α phase. If galvanostatic charge and discharge is smartly controlled by taking into consideration of the solubility range, the cycling life of β-LiAl anode can be significantly improved. Not only does this piece of work provide fundamental data for the β-LiAl phase at room temperature that complements the existing phase diagrams, but also implies that aluminum foil holds great potential as an anode material for the next generation of lithium-based batteries.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".