The architecture of the 6-month-old gastrocnemius: a 3D volumetric study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gastrocnemius is essential in normal gait, con-tributing to the control of ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion. However, there is a paucity of litera-ture on the architecture of the infant gastrocnemius muscle prior to the onset of weight-bearing and gait. This study investigates the three-dimensional (3D) musculoaponeurotic architecture of the gas-trocnemius in a six-month-old infant. One six-month-old cadaver was used in this study (The University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, #32679, and The University of Auck-land Human Participants Ethics Committee, #016164). Medial (MG) and lateral (LG) heads of the gastrocnemius were serially dissected and a Microscribe G2X™ digitizer used to digitize fiber bundles, aponeuroses and tendons. Data were then exported to Autodesk® Maya® to create 3D models. Custom software quantified architectural parameters, including fiber bundle length, penna-tion angle, physiological cross-sectional area, and muscle volume. The intramuscular architecture was assessed to determine whether musculoapo-neurotic partitions were present. Muscle volume was <1cm3 for both MG and LG. Three architec-tural partitions, proximal, middle, and distal, were identified for both MG and LG. Notably, the proxi-mal partitions of both MG and LG had mean fiber bundle length at 2.21 ± 0.41 cm and 2.22 ± 0.27 cm, significantly greater (p<0.05) than the middle and the distal partitions. The results of this study suggest that both MG and LG have architectural partitions before the commencement of gait. Fur-ther longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the presence of these archi-tectural partitions, as well as to investigate their growth across the developmental spectrum.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it