Improvement of Expansive Soil by Using Micro Silica Fume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Expansive soil shows frequent volume changes with the changes in the moisture content, causing severe problems to the civil engineering structures. Consequently, the measurements of swelling properties including free swell index and swelling pressure are extremely important. Several attempts are being made all over the world to control the swell-shrink behavior of expansive soils. Many researches have investigated how to overcome the problems of such soils by means of using different additives such as cement, lime, steel fibers, stone dust and fly ash. This study is directed towards the improvement of expansive soil with a new, inexpensive and environmentally friendly additive. In this study, the effect of using micro silica fume to stabilize the soil was investigated through a laboratory study. Test results showed that, the micro silica fume can considerably decrease the free swell index value by 69% at 25% micro silica fume content. Also, the swelling pressure is reduced from 410 kN/m2 to nearly 330 kN/m2 and 302 kN/m2 at micro silica fume content of 5% and 25%, respectively. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed addition in the expansive soils improvement. This improvement technique can be used in different civil engineering construction projects including slope stabilization and road embankments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".