Perceptions of and Exposure to Games of Chance, Gambling, and Video Gaming: Self-Reports of Preadolescents and Parents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although gambling-related behavior develops in preadolescence, there is a scarcity of research into the early socialization processes in this specific age cohort. For this study, preadolescents’ early perceptions of and practices relating to games of chance, gambling, and video gaming were explored. To account for the perspectives of preadolescents and their parents, we administered semi-structured in-depth interviews with elicitation prompts to 10 Flemish (i.e., Belgian) families with 11- to 12-year-olds. The findings show that different socialization dynamics are at play for the examined media genres. Families were relaxed about young people’s involvement in traditional games of chance activities in a familiar context, pointing to early socialization and cultural normalization dynamics in preadolescents who have not yet reached the legal minimum age. Moreover, the parents were not fully aware of the first gambling and games of chance activities of the preadolescents or of some of their in-game micropayments. They did not yet consider active mediation on these matters to be relevant. Because of this, preventive parental mediation efforts cannot reach their full potential; we call upon future researchers to explore ludoliteracy programs that can increase the resilience of young players in a world of increasingly converged media entertainment.Résumé Malgré le fait que les comportements de jeu se développent durant la préadolescence, il existe peu de recherches sur les processus de socialisation précoce au sein de cette cohorte particulière. Cette étude explore et contextualise les perceptions et les pratiques de jeunes préadolescents en matière de jeux de hasard, de jeux d’argent et de jeux vidéo. Dans le but de sonder le point de vue à la fois des jeunes et de leurs parents, nous avons mené des entrevues semi-dirigées approfondies, comportant des questions incitatives, auprès de 10 familles flamandes (c’est-à-dire belges) comptant des jeunes de 11 à 12 ans. Selon nos résultats, différentes dynamiques de socialisation opèrent selon le genre de média. Les parents voient d’un bon œil la pratique des jeux de hasard classiques au sein du cercle familial, ce qui indique une dynamique de socialisation précoce et de normalisation culturelle chez les préadolescents qui n’ont pas encore atteint l’âge minimum légal. Par ailleurs, les parents sondés n’étaient pas pleinement conscients des premiers jeux de hasard et d’argent pratiqués par leurs préadolescents ni de certains micropaiements qu’ils avaient effectués. Ils ne considéraient pas encore comme pertinente l’idée d’intervenir activement sur ces questions. Puisque les efforts des parents en matière de prévention n’atteignent pas pleinement leur but, les recherches futures devraient s’intéresser aux programmes de ludo-littératie destinés à améliorer la résilience des jeunes joueurs dans un monde de divertissement médiatique caractérisé par une convergence grandissante.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".