Pomegranate peel attenuates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced lipid peroxidation in rat small intestine by enhancing the glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The peel of the pomegranate fruit is rich in polyphenols with antioxidant properties. We investigated the preventive effect of pomegranate peel (PP) powder against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced lipid peroxidation in the small intestine of rats. Rats were allocated to four groups: CONT group, fed a standard rodent diet; DSS group, fed a standard rodent diet and treated with DSS; as well as PP1%+DSS and PP5%+DSS groups, fed a standard rodent diet supplemented with either 1% or 5% of PP powder and treated with DSS. Rats of the four groups consumed their diets for 25 days. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in plasma and MDA contents in the small intestine and liver. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox status and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in the small intestine and liver. RESULTS: MDA content was higher (P < 0.001) in the small intestines of the DSS group compared to the CONT group. MDA content was reduced (P < 0.001) in the small intestines of the PP1%+DSS and PP5%+DSS groups compared to the DSS group. GSH contents and GSH/GSSG ratios were higher (P < 0.001) in the small intestines of the PP5%+DSS group compared to the CONT, DSS and PP1%+DSS groups. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that PP powder protects the small intestine against DSS-induced lipid peroxidation by enhancing the GSH/GSSG redox potential. Powder of PP is a promising agricultural by-product containing a mixture of bioactive polyphenols that can be used for the production of functional foods aimed at the prevention of oxidative stress-induced small intestine pathogenesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".