Effect of hexazinone on species distributions and weed competition in lowbush blueberry fields in Maine.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton and V. myrtilloides Michaux) are produced on native or wild stands in Maine and Eastern Canada. The use of the herbicide hexazinone has caused changes in the weed populations in lowbush blueberry fields. To determine the effect of hexazinone on these species and on the growth and productivity of lowbush blueberries in commercial fields in Maine; blueberry and weed population cover, frequency, and blueberry plant stand and yield were sampled on two fields over four years. Cover and frequency of all species were compared to an earlier survey on 14 fields which had been treated once or twice with hexazinone. Blueberry plant stand was compared among the treated fields. Hexazinone-treated fields had a decline in the cover and frequency of a number of weed species and a corresponding increase in blueberry growth and yield. Open ground, bunchberry (Cornus canadensis L.) and dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium L.) increased in cover and frequency with hexazinone treatment. Replacement series experiments to assess competitive effects of bunchberry were established on native stands of blueberries in 1986 and 1987. Quadrats were established on prune and crop fields at cover ratios, where c = crop or blueberry and w = weed or bunchberry of 100c/0w, 75c/25w, 50c/50w, 25c/75w, 0c/100w. Dormant blueberry and bunchberry plugs from prune fields were grown in the above proportions in the greenhouse in the summer of 1987. In the field study, relative yields and regression of individual vs associate yield indicates that blueberry and bunchberry growth are equivalent. Blueberry fruit number and yield decreased with increasing bunchberry density. In the greenhouse study, relative yield, regression of individual versus associate yield, and leaf area index of blueberry and bunchberry indicated that blueberry grew as well or better in mixtures than in prune stands. Replacement series experiments indicated that blueberries are competitive with bunchberry but open areas among clones in native fields allow faster growing bunchberry to spread without competition. Two field experiments indicated that imidazoline compounds did not provide selective control of bunchberry but sulfonyl urea compounds merit further research for bunchberry suppression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".