Identification of <i>Pectobacterium versatile</i> Causing Blackleg of Potato in New York State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soft rot bacteria classified in the Pectobacteriaceae (SRP), including Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp., are responsible for soft rot and blackleg diseases of potato. Since 2014, blackleg outbreaks caused by D. dianthicola have increased in the United States and Canada. Our previous study found that the most abundant causal organisms of blackleg disease in New York State were P. parmentieri and D. dianthicola, with the latter being the only Dickeya species reported. In the present study, we identified and characterized pathogenic SRP bacteria from 19 potato samples collected in New York State during the 2017 growing season. We used genome sequence comparison to determine the pathogens’ species. We found eight P. versatile, one P. atrosepticum, two P. carotovorum, two P. parmentieri, and six D. dianthicola isolates in our 2017 SRP collection. This is the first time that P. versatile has been reported to cause potato blackleg disease in New York State. We determined the phylogenetic relationships between the SRP strains by using 151 single-copy orthologous gene sequences shared among the set of bacteria in our analysis, which provided better resolution than phylogenies constructed with the dnaX gene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".