Copper Doping Promotion on Ce/CAC-CNT Catalysts with High Sulfur Dioxide Tolerance for Low-Temperature NH<sub>3</sub>–SCR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stumbling block to the ever-increasing need for improving air quality remains nitrogen oxides (NOx). The copper-introduced Ce/CAC-CNT (CuxCe/CAC-CNTs) catalyst using the in situ-growth-prepared activated carbon and carbon-nanotube composite (CAC-CNT) carrier with high sulfur dioxide tolerance was successfully applied to low-temperature NH3–SCR in this study. The findings indicate that the CuxCe/CAC-CNTs obtained at a 0.2 Cu/Ce molar ratio and the calcination temperature of 450 °C showed the highest 100% NO conversion with 95.8% N2 selectivity at 150 °C and 10 000 h–1. The incorporation of Cu improved the Cu0.2Ce/CAC-CNTs in Lewis acid, lattice oxygen (31.99%), and Ce3+ (26.03%). The accelerated NH3 adsorption on acid sites, the encouraging electron transfer by the Ce4+ + Cu+ ↔ Ce3+ + Cu2+ redox circle, and the more surface chemisorbed oxygen (Oβ) improved the catalytic activity of Cu0.2Ce/CAC-CNTs. The NH3–SCR of Cu0.2Ce/CAC-CNTs largely follows the L–H mechanism, together with a certain degree of “Fast SCR.” The added Cu species effectively prevented surface SO2 adsorption and oxidation, and the Cu0.2Ce/CAC-CNTs restored more than 94% SCR activity after 8 h of poisoning in 50 ppm SO2 and 5 vol % H2O.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".