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Record W3121216712

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms

2005· article· en· W3121216712 on OpenAlex
Dirk De Clerq, Hans Crijns, Harry J. Sapienza

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSSRN Electronic Journal · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicFirm Innovation and Growth
Canadian institutionsBrock University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInternationalizationMindsetCompetitor analysisSample (material)BusinessIndustrial organizationMarketingBusiness administrationInternational trade
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Internationalization among small- andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been the focus of numerous studies. Thiswork expands upon the previous research by examining internationalization froman approach that combines both behavioral theory, including organizationallearning, and the new venture theory of internationalization. To test the hypotheses derived from this theoretical framework, a sample of92 firms is selected in 2000 from a database created by the Center ofEntrepreneurship at the Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School in Belgium.Firms included in the sample are independent of large corporations andare owner-managed. In addition, 1999 sales data from a database of theNational Bank of Belgium is utilized. Several factors were measured,including internationalization intent, international learning effort, domesticlearning effort, and entrepreneurial orientation of the firm. The analyses indicate the following findings: seeking and expandingknowledge of foreign markets and the internationalizaiton process may increaseinternationalization by impacting assessments of available opportunities; firmsthat are willing to take bold risks -- i.e., with an entrepreneurial mindset --are more likely to develop a long term international presence; andinternational and domestic learning activities (environmental scanning,intelligence about competitors) are often similarly related to entrepreneurialorientation. However, firms that invest more in domestic rather thaninternationallearning activities are less likely to internationalize,which may impede the firm's long-term accomplishments. (AKP)

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.138
Threshold uncertainty score0.177

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.210
Teacher spread0.197 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it