Vitamin D Toxicosis in a Blue-Tongued Skink (Tiliqua scincoides) Presented with Epistaxis and Tongue Discoloration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A 10-yr-old intact blue-tongued skink ( Tiliqua scincoides ) of unknown sex presented for epistaxis and dyspnea. On physical examination, dysecdysis, necrosis of the tip of the tail, and a pink discoloration of the proximal third of the tongue were noted in addition to epistaxis, dyspnea, and tachypnea. Clinical pathology findings included marked polychromatophilia, moderate heterophilia with signs of toxicity, a regenerative left shift, and moderate hyperglycemia. Because of the suspicion of an infectious etiology, antibiotics were prescribed. Meloxicam was also administered without clinical improvement. Swelling of the pharyngeal area was noted on whole-body computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging. Oro-pharyngeal endoscopic-guided biopsies were performed under general anesthesia. Histology was consistent with moderate erosion and goblet cell hyperplasia. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 concentration was 768 nmol/L and was interpreted as possible vitamin D toxicosis. Prednisolone was prescribed to enhance calciuresis and treat potential vasculitis, but the skink was ultimately euthanized. Histopathologic examination was consistent with vitamin D toxicosis. The diet of this skink mostly consisted of greens dusted with a supplement containing calcium and vitamin D 3 . This case report describes the challenges associated with antemortem diagnosis of a vitamin D toxicosis, even with current imaging techniques. It highlights that specific reference intervals should be established for 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and ionized calcium concentrations in various reptile species. Clinicians presented with a blue-tongued skink displaying a pink tongue or tail necrosis should consider vitamin D toxicosis in their differential diagnosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".