The Impact of Broadband Infrastructure on Economic Growth in Egypt and Some Arab and Emerging Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrastructure investments expansion typically adds to the productive capacity in an economy, and thus to its economic growth. Network industries account for between one–tenth and one-quarter of economy wide investments (OECD 2009 B). Telecom industry is one of the network industries, and broadband is a new technology that is widely used all over the world. It is the popular mode of access to the internet, as it refers to high speed internet access. This study aims at examining the impact of broadband infrastructure on economic growth in emerging countries and Arab countries. In addition, the impact of competition in telecom sector has been included in the growth equation estimated to control for the effect of competition in telecom sector, and thus broadband, on the economic growth in these countries. The empirical study reaches a conclusion in line with previous studies that there is a positive impact of broadband uptake on economic growth. In addition, the contribution of this paper is also in the construction of the competition index which was statistically insignificant, but became significant once we controlled for FDI as a percent of GDP. Thus, governments should create an enabling environment and open their markets for more competition in order to induce the establishments of more broadband and telecom networks in their respective countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".