Onset of Convective Instability in a Porous Medium with a Low-Permeability Layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary This study presents an investigation on the stability of a diffusive boundary layer in a heterogeneous system comprising a porous medium with an embedded low-permeability layer in the context of geological sequestration of CO2. The increasing atmospheric CO2 provides a basis for CO2 injection into a deep saline aquifer. Saline aquifer formation, commonly found in sedimentary basin, occurs naturally as layers of distinguishable depositional facies. Many previous studies on convective instability in heterogeneous porous system are based on random and regular variation of permeability. The effect of a layered permeability heterogeneity on the onset of convective instability has been considered with a steady base profile. However, the role of a layered permeability heterogeneity on the onset of convective instability with diffusive base profile has not received much attention. This study on density driven convective instability is based on Linear stability analysis with quasi-steady state approximation. Finite difference numerical framework is adopted to handle the stepwise change in the permeability field. Our results are validated against previous studies for homogeneous and smoothly varying permeability. We observed that the onset of convective instability depends non-monotonically on the presence of a low-permeability layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".