Gas velocity distribution in conical spouted beds with high‐density particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Local gas velocity measurements were conducted utilizing a Pitot tube in two small‐scale (D c = 150 mm, γ = 30°, 60°) and one large‐scale (D c = 250 mm, γ = 66°) conical spouted beds. Three different types of particles, zirconia (ρ p = 6050 kg/m 3 ), zirconia‐toughened alumina (ρ p = 3700 kg/m 3 ), and glass beads (ρ p = 2460 kg/m 3 ), were used in the experiments. Careful calibration of the Pitot tube for determination of gas velocities in the annulus section was carried out in a separate, loosely packed‐bed set‐up, which represents the flow conditions in the annulus section of the spouted bed. Solids hold‐up profiles were used to calculate the superficial gas velocities and determine the amount of air flowing through the spout, interface, and annulus. Effects of axial position, conical angle, bed size, and particle density on gas velocity profiles were investigated. It is shown that the amount of air flow through the annulus increases as the axial distance and particle density increases; however, it decreases with increasing cone angle. Dispersion of the gas into the annulus is found to be significantly higher in the large‐scale unit than the small‐scale unit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".