Bibliographic record
Abstract
English Abstract: This article examines the role of social science in feminist intervener advocacy, focusing on the 2015 case of Ishaq v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration). In Ishaq, a Muslim woman challenged a Canadian government policy requiring her to remove her niqab while reciting the citizenship oath. The Federal Court of Appeal dismissed several motions for intervention by feminist and other equality-seeking organizations, emphasizing their improper reliance on unproven social facts and social science research. I argue that this decision departs from the generous approach to public interest interventions sanctioned by the federal and other Canadian courts. More importantly, the Court’s characterization of the intervener submissions as relying on “social science facts” that must be established through the evidentiary record diminishes the capacity of feminist interveners to effectively support equality and access to justice for marginalized groups in practice. French Abstract: Dans cet article, j’examine le role des sciences sociales en ce qui a trait a la defense des interets des organisations intervenantes feministes, notamment au regard de la decision rendue en 2015 dans l’affaire Ishaq c. Canada (Ministre de la Citoyennete et de l’Immigration). Dans cette affaire, une femme musulmane a conteste une politique du gouvernement federal qui l’obligeait a retirer son niqab pendant qu’elle pretait le serment de citoyennete. La Cour d'appel federale a rejete plusieurs requetes en intervention presentees par des organisations feministes et d’autres organisations qui revendiquent l’egalite, reprochant a celles-ci de se fonder a tort sur des faits sociaux et des donnees de recherches en sciences sociales qui n’avaient pas ete etablis. Je soutiens que cette decision s’eloigne de l’approche genereuse approuvee par les tribunaux federaux et d’autres tribunaux canadiens a l’egard des interventions au nom de l’interet public. Surtout, en depeignant leurs observations comme des observations fondees sur des « faits relevant des sciences sociales » qui doivent etre etablis au moyen du dossier de preuves, la Cour diminue la capacite des organisations intervenantes feministes de soutenir reellement l’egalite et l’acces a la justice pour les groupes marginalises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.038 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".