A new phenyl alkyl ester and a new combretin triterpene derivative from Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae) and antiproliferative activity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work concerns the isolation and structure elucidation of compounds obtained from the extract of leaves and stem bark of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm. Both extracts and some isolated compounds were tested for antiproliferative activity on glioblastoma (U87MG and C6 cells) and prostate (PC-3 cells) cancer cell lines using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2 H -tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay. The dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the leaves led to the isolation of two new compounds such as fragransinate ( 1 ) and combretin C ( 2 ), alongside five known compounds such as combretin A ( 3 ), belamcanidin ( 4 ), cirsilineol ( 5 ), velutin ( 6 ), and a mixture of β-sitosterol-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 10a ) and stigmasterol-3- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 10b ), whereas the methanol extract of the stem bark led to the isolation of three known compounds betulinic acid ( 7 ), bellericagenin B ( 8 ), and a mixture of β-sitosterol ( 9a ) and stigmasterol ( 9b ). The structure of compounds was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. The methanol extract of the stem bark showed a powerful antiproliferative activity on all tested cells, as well as the extract of leaves which also showed important cytotoxicity effect. Compound ( 3 ) showed good antiproliferative activity particularly on U87MG and PC-3 cells, whereas compound ( 5 ) exhibits moderated activity. Compounds ( 2 ) and ( 8 ) were not active on all tested cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it