The role of traveling planetary waves in ionosphere-atmosphere coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the role of traveling planetary waves in producing day-to-day variability of the ionosphere. Traveling planetary waves in the middle atmosphere, especially those having periods around 6, 10, 16 days, are generally regarded as the manifestation of atmospheric normal modes. A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is sometimes accompanied by enhanced traveling planetary waves, which can be understood in terms of the dependence of normal modes on the zonal mean state of the atmosphere. The September 2019 Antarctic SSW is one example. Following the SSW, a large quasi-6-day wave (Q6DW) is observed in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. During the same time, Swarm satellites in near-polar orbits observe westward-propagating 6-day perturbations with zonal wavenumber 1 in ionospheric parameters such as the electron density and equatorial electrojet intensity. The whole atmosphere model GAIA is able to reproduce these ionospheric variations under constant geomagnetic and solar activity conditions. Using GAIA, it is demonstrated that tides modulated by the Q6DW are responsible for the 6-day ionospheric variations during the September 2019 SSW. Planetary wave modulations of tides and their ionospheric effects are also discussed for SSWs in other seasons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".