Italian Co-operative Law Reform and Co-operative Principles
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reform of Italian co-operative law was passed in 2003 and came into force in 2004. This paper presents the principal characteristics of the new Italian co-operative law and seeks to evaluate the relationship of some of its main provisions to traditional co-operative principles. From this perspective, the paper deals in particular with the definition of the Italian co-operative as a company with a mutual purpose ; the distinction between mainly mutual co-operatives and other co-operatives (and the relationship between mutuality and profit-making in co-operatives); the regulation of voting in the assembly (the one member, one vote principle and its exceptions); the available governance systems ( tripartite , dualistic , monistic ); and co-operative finance solutions (investor members and financial instruments). Using the Italian reforms as a starting point for debate, this paper puts forth the possibility of generalising a modified approach to co-operative regulation and principles, taking into account efficiency issues, while preserving the co-operative identity. Paper presented at the symposium Co-operatives, legislation and public policy (Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary s University, Halifax, Canada, 19-21 June 2009) (Nel 2003 stata approvata in Italia e poi nel 2004 entrata in vigore una nuova riforma legislativa sulle imprese cooperative. Il presente articolo presenta le principali caratteristiche della nuova legge e tenta di valutare il rapporto tra alcuni dei principali provvedimenti stabiliti dalla legge e i principi tradizionali delle cooperative. Da questo punto di vista, l articolo affronta in particolare la definizione di cooperativa vigente in Italia, che la inquadra come una impresa a finalit mutualistica . Vengono inoltre affrontati il tema della distinzione tra cooperative a mutualit prevalente e altre cooperative (e la relazione tra mutualit e raggiungimento di profitti nelle cooperative), la regolazione dei meccanismi di voto (nel rispetto del principio una-testa-un-voto e con le sue eccezioni), i sistemi di governance (tripartito, dualistico e monistico), le soluzioni introdotte per il sostegno finanziario delle cooperative (con la figura dei soci sovventori o investitori ed alcuni strumenti finanziari). L articolo utilizza quindi la riforma giuridica introdotta per aprire il dibattito ed allargare alla possibilit di approcciarsi alla regolamentazione e ai principi delle cooperative in un approccio nuovo che tenga conto della questione dell efficienza pur preservando l identit cooperativa.)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it