Drug‐induced acanthosis nigricans: A systematic review and new classification
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drug-induced acanthosis nigricans is an uncommon subtype of acanthosis nigricans and the data on this topic is not well understood by clinicians as it is presently limited in the literature. Previous reports of drug-induced acanthosis nigricans have simply consisted of a list of drugs possibly implicated in causing acanthosis nigricans. Several drugs listed are based on single case reports without biopsy confirmation, report of clearing on stopping the drug or reporting on whether acanthosis nigricans recurred with drug rechallenge. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE(Ovid), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. The authors screened the initial result of the search strategy by title and abstract using the following inclusion criteria: eligible studies included those with patients who developed acanthosis nigricans secondary to a drug. This study is the first to comprehensively review the drugs that have been implicated in the development of acanthosis nigricans. A total of 38 studies were included in the systematic review, and a total of 13 acanthosis nigricans inducing drugs were identified. Nicotinic acid and insulin were the two most significant drugs that were reported to cause acanthosis nigricans. By using the results of this study, we created a revised classification system of drug-induced acanthosis nigricans which can be used as a concise framework for clinicians to refer to.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it