Reversible Silicon Anodes with Long Cycles by Multifunctional Volumetric Buffer Layers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Establishing a stable, stress-relieving configuration is imperative to achieve a reversible silicon anode for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we propose a silicon composite anode (denoted as T-Si@C), which integrates free space and mixed carbon shells doped with rigid TiO 2 /Ti 5 Si 3 nanoparticles. In this configuration, the free space accommodates the silicon volume fluctuation during battery operation. The carbon shells with embedded TiO 2 /Ti 5 Si 3 nanoparticles maintain the structural stability of the anode while accelerating the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and mitigating interfacial side reactions. Based on these advantages, T-Si@C anodes demonstrate an outstanding lithium storage performance with impressive long-term cycling reversibility and good rate capability. Additionally, T-Si@C//LiFePO 4 full cells show superior electrochemical reversibility. This work highlights the importance of rational structural manipulation of silicon anodes and affords fresh insights into achieving advanced silicon anodes with long life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".