Spin waves in unsaturated single- and double-layered ferromagnetic nanorings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A theoretical analysis is described for the spin waves in single- and double-layered nanorings using a microscopic, or Hamiltonian-based, formalism. The calculations, which yield the frequencies and spatially-dependent intensities of the quantized spin waves, are applied to the vortex and onion (bi-domain) states in a single nanoring, as well as to the field-induced switching. In the case of asymmetric double-layered nanorings (with a nonmagnetic spacer) there are coupled spin waves controlled by varying the spacer thickness to change the strength of the inter-ring dipolar interactions. The different possible magnetic states, depending on the applied magnetic field, may involve vortex states (with the same or opposite chirality) in both layers, a vortex state in one layer and onion state in the other, or onion states in both layers. Numerical applications are made to permalloy nanorings with realistic dimensions and magnetic parameter values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".