Embodying the Anthropocene: Embattled crustaceans, extractivism, and eco-tourism on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Christmas Island, in the north-eastern Indian Ocean, remained uninhabited until 1888 when British entrepreneurs established a phosphate mining operation that has continued to the present. Over the last 132 years, the island has experienced a series of impacts that typify the effects of extractivism globally. Acquired by Australia in 1958, the island has also been the site of a major immigration detention centre, set up in 2006 to process and deter Asian asylum seekers. In recent decades, tourism has also been added to the economic mix in a form primarily orientated to the island’s distinct fauna, an enterprise that co-exists uneasily with established mining and internment operations. In these regards, the island has rapidly experienced a range of transnational pressures that have distorted and compromised its environment. As such, the island’s recent ‘biography’ exemplifies the impact and scale of integrated Anthropocene factors. Drawing on recent work on the nature of human ecodynamics, this article examines the character and role of the island’s eco-assets – and its crustaceans, in particular – in the emerging experience economy of eco-tourism, illustrating the tensions and instability underlying the latter and its awkward co-existence with mining and detention operations. In this manner, the article characterises the Anthropocene as the central determinant of the present and of possible futures for the island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".