Compensatory Abilities of Canola in Response to Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Damage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer) is an invasive, economic pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) that threatens production throughout Canada. Swede midge has up to four overlapping generations, placing canola at risk of multiple infestations in the field. The relationship between single and multiple swede midge infestations at different canola stages, and the resulting impacts on yield, are unknown. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of single and multiple infestations of swede midge on four plant stages of canola: three-leaf, seven-leaf, primary bud, and secondary bud. Previously, the seven-leaf and primary bud stages were considered vulnerable to swede midge, but we determined that the secondary bud stage is also vulnerable. Evidence of compensation by canola in response to herbivory by swede midge was discovered. Compensation occurred mainly through increased production of tertiary racemes and pods and was maximized with exposure of 4.5-6.5 female midges per plant. Although compensation may increase potential yield, it also results in uneven crop maturation resulting in delayed harvest and yield loss. Consequently, to prevent delays in maturation and harvest, insecticides should be applied before these densities are reached.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".