Structural Reform and the Victoria Climbié Inquiry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction We had come to power in 1997 saying it was ‘standards not structures’ that mattered. This was fine as a piece of rhetoric … it was bunkum as a piece of policy. Structures beget standards. How a service is configured affects outcomes. (Blair, 2010: 265, cited in Timmins, 2017: 588) We cannot undo the wrongs done to Victoria Climbié. We can, though, seek to put right for others what so fundamentally failed for her. That is what Lord Laming's report demands, and that is what the Government is determined to do. (Milburn, 2003) Public service reform was one of the dominant themes of Labour's second term. The Party leadership and senior ministers expressed concern about the perceived slow implementation of new policy initiatives even before the election victory in 2001. Moreover, reform was deemed necessary to ensure that significant increases in public spending in key areas such as health and education, announced in the 2000 Spending Review, were not wasted (Driver and Martell, 2006: ch 5). Following the Children Act 2004, all local authorities in England were required to merge education and children's social care services in order to create new children's services departments led by a single DCS. In the government's official narrative, this structural change provided a direct response to the Victoria Climbié inquiry (Lord Laming, 2003). This chapter begins to question this claim by examining the earlier development of structural reform proposals in the context of wider debates within the government regarding public services reform. To begin with, it is necessary to consider the dual role played by local authority social services departments to protect children and to support families. Under Labour's Modernising Social Services programme (DH, 1998a), new performance objectives and targets were introduced but structural reform appeared to have been ruled out. However, following the SEU's (2000) review of policy on services for 13 to 19 year olds, chaired by the then Home Office minister Paul Boateng, this position was challenged. The second section of the chapter discusses this shift. The background to Lord Laming's (2003) inquiry and his recommendations for structural reform are then examined in the third section. As Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn held responsibility for social services and had agreed to establish Lord Laming's inquiry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.061 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".