Skin Autofluorescence in Young Adult Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Case–Control Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes pregnancies have an elevated risk for early-onset obesity and type 2 diabetes compared with offspring born to women without diabetes. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a marker of accumulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and it has been shown to predict type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether maternal type 1 diabetes influences the SAF value in young adult offspring. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included 78 offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (cases) and 85 control participants (controls). All study participants, aged 18-23 years, were invited to participate in a clinical assessment including laboratory tests and questionnaires. SAF was assessed using the AGE reader from the dominant forearm of each participant. RESULTS: , body fat percentage, smoking, and season the mean SAF value did not differ between the cases and the controls (p = 0.49) but differed between men and women (p = 0.008), without any interaction observed (p = 0.78). CONCLUSION: SAF values did not differ between the young adult offspring of women with type 1 diabetes and offspring born to mothers without diabetes. Surprisingly, young adult women showed higher SAF values than men in both case and control groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".