Adult porcine ( <i>Sus scrofa</i> ) derived inner ear cells possessing multipotent stem/progenitor cell characteristics in <i>in vitro</i> cultures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The human inner ear compared with that of other mammalian species is very complex. Although the mouse’s cochlea is frequently studied the mouse’s inner ear continues to develop postnatally whilst the human inner ear is fully developed by the third month of gestation which leads one to question the applicability of findings based on research on mice to human regenerative therapies. Here, we report a novel in vitro culture of adult porcine ( Sus scrofa ) inner ear cells developed from post-mortem labyrinth specimens. Anatomical findings based on maximal transverse and vertical axial diameters and the length of the cochlear duct suggest that the pig’s cochlea is similar to the human cochlea. In vitro cultures of porcine cochlear and vestibular cells showed the persistence of both inner ear hair cell (HC), supporting cell (SC) and stem/progenitor cell characteristics across passages up to 6 based on scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence immunocytochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Our findings showed that porcine cochlear and vestibular epithelia maintained multipotent stem/progenitor cell populations into adulthood although their regenerative capacities differed across the passages. The development of a viable and reproducible method to culture porcine inner ear cells provides an important investigative tool that can be utilized to study and evaluate the pathophysiological causes and cellular consequences of human inner ear disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".