Effect of the Initial Vortex Vertical Structure on Early Development of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With the nonhydrostatic axisymmetric cloud‐resolving model CM1, two sets of ensemble runs are conducted to study the influence of initial vortex depth on the early development of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC). It is found that with the shallow initial vortex, the intensification rate (IR) is smaller and the TC takes a longer time to reach a state of slantwise moist neutrality. These behaviors are primarily ascribed to the less active convection in the shallow case. In contrast to the deep initial vortex, the shallow initial vortex is characterized by a more stable stratification in the lower troposphere and a smaller gradient of angular momentum (M) in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere. The former tends to hinder the occurrence of deep convection in the TC while the latter makes it difficult to intensify the mid‐to‐upper level vortex and to establish a deep vortex. Thus, deep convection bursts intermittently in the early developing stage of the TC originating from the shallow vortex. During the periods of inactive convection, the TC weakens by the decline of M source associated with reduced horizontal advection, which is overwhelmed by sinks of M from moderately decreased vertical advection and nearly‐constant dissipation term. Therefore, the IR of the TC is smaller in the early developing stage and the development of TC from the shallow vortex usually needs a longer time to build the steady deep secondary circulation favorable for more rapid intensification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".