Heightened Faraday complexity in the inner 1 kpc of the galactic centre
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We have measured the Faraday rotation of 62 extra-galactic background sources in 58 fields using the CSIRO Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with a frequency range of 1.1–3.1 GHz with 2048 channels. Our sources cover a region $\sim 12\, \times 12\, \mathrm{deg^{ 2}}$ (∼1 kpc) around the Galactic Centre region. We show that the Galactic Plane for |l| < 10° exhibits large Rotation Measures (RMs) with a maximum |RM| of $1691.2 \pm 4.9\, \mathrm{rad}\, \mathrm{m}^{-2}$ and a mean $|\mathrm{RM}| = 219 \pm 42\, \mathrm{rad}\, \mathrm{m}^{-2}$. The RMs decrease in magnitude with increasing projected distance from the Galactic Plane, broadly consistent with previous findings. We find an unusually high fraction (95 per cent) of the sources show Faraday complexity consistent with multiple Faraday components. We attribute the presences of multiple Faraday rotating screens with widely separated Faraday depths to small-scale turbulent RM structure in the Galactic Centre region. The second-order structure function of the RM in the Galactic Centre displays a line with a gradient of zero for angular separations spanning 0.83°–11° (∼120–1500 pc), which is expected for scales larger than the outer scale (or driving scale) of magneto-ionic turbulence. We place an upper limit on any break in the SF gradient of 66 arcsec, corresponding to an inferred upper limit to the outer scale of turbulence in the inner 1 kpc of the Galactic Centre of 3 pc. We propose stellar feedback as the probable driver of this small-scale turbulence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".