Development and Characterization of Additive Manufacturing of Superalloy Hastealloy X Using a Cost Effective TIG Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, a wire and arc additive manufacturing process for superalloy Hastelloy X was developed and the resulting material was characterized. The effects of parameters in the TIG based process were investigated for single layer samples using the Taguchi method and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multi-layer deposition strategies were also tested and no significant difference was found between printing layers in the same direction or in alternating directions. Due to the excessive heat input of the preliminary trials, three distinct zones were identified and characterized by the size and distribution of the molybdenum carbides within the matrix grain formations. By refining deposition strategies and process parameters, the resulting multi-layer samples exhibited less variation in the size and shape of the molybdenum carbides. Hardness testing confirmed that there is little to no variation in hardness along or across the print direction, suggesting a constant thermal history throughout. Finally, the isothermal oxidation behavior of AM Hastelloy X was compared to the wrought alloy through testing in air at 1080C. The parabolic oxidation rate constant, k1, of the AM samples was determined to be 4.5410 -8 g 2 /cm 4 /h. Results suggest that the AM samples may have an advantage in oxidation resistance due to finer grains and perhaps a better composition uniformity. However, weight gains between the wrought and AM samples were quite similar suggesting an equivalent oxidation behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".